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Nicolas Copernicus

2/18/2020

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Nicolas Copernicus was an astronomer born into a wealthy family in the town of Torun in Poland on 19th February 1473. After studying arts at the University of Crackow he went to Italy in 1496 where he studied canon law at the University of Bologna. There he found a passion for astronomy while lodging at the house of the astronomer Domenico Maria Novara.

At the end of his studies he obtained a doctorate in canon law in 1503 and went to Frauenburg in Poland to take up his duties as a canon. While working in this capacity he had a small observatory built so he could continue his research at the same time.

​Copernicus is famous for developing the theory of heliocentrism whereby the Earth turns on its axis, rotates and revolves around the Sun which is at the centre of the universe. In 1512 Copernicus wrote his main work ‘On the revolutions of the heavenly spheres’ where he put forward his theory of heliocentrism and added that the Moon is a satellite of the Earth and that the planets revolve around the Sun. At the time his peers rejected his theories but the ideas of Copernicus transformed astronomy and eventually changed ways of thinking of the time by confirming that man is not the centre of the universe. His work was published just before his death in 1543.

Nicolas Copernic était un astronome né dans une famille riche de la ville de Torun en Pologne le 19 février 1473. Après avoir étudié les arts à l'Université de Cracovie, il se rend en Italie en 1496 où il étudie le droit canonique à l’université de Bologne. Là il découvre sa passion pour l'astronomie en logeant chez l’astronome Domenico Maria Novara.

A la fin de ses études Il obtient un doctorat en droit canon en 1503. Copernic regagne ensuite Frauenburg, en Pologne pour remplir ses obligations de chanoine. Il fait construire un observatoire pour effectuer des recherches en astronomie en même temps.

Copernic est célèbre pour avoir développé la théorie de l'héliocentrisme selon laquelle la Terre tourne sur elle-même et autour de son étoile le Soleil, supposé au centre de l'Univers . En 1512 Copernic rédige son œuvre majeure "Révolution des sphères célestes" ou il avance sa théorie de l'héliocentrisme et ajoute que la Lune est un satellite de la Terre et que les planètes font une rotation autour du Soleil.  A l’époque ses pairs refusent ses théories mais les idées de Copernic ont révolutionné l'astronomie et ont aussi bousculé les modes de pensée et la philosophie de son époque, en affirmant que l'homme n'était pas au centre de l'univers. Son oeuvre est publié juste avant sa mort en 1543.



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